Biology test 1√ Answers
a) heredity
b) mitosis
c) phenotype
d) evolution
e) genotype
A. Alfred Russel Wallace. B. Jean Lamarck.
C. Georges Buffon.
D. Charles Darwin.
E. Charles Lyell.
A. uniformitarianism.
B. descent with modification.
C. fossils.
D. natural selection.
E. special creation.
A. neither preserves nor rejects harmful variations in a population.
B. preserves harmful variations and rejects favorable variations in a population.
C. preserves favorable and harmful variations in a population.
D. preserves favorable variations and rejects harmful variations in a population.
A. uniformitarianism.
B. artificial selection.
C. microevolution.
D. natural selection.
E. macroevolution.
A. genotype.
B. phenotype.
C. dominant traits.
D. recessive traits.
E. gene pool.
A. directional selection.
B. disruptive selection.
C. stabilizing selection. D. artificial selection. E. uniformitarianism.
A. directional selection, artificial selection, and disruptive selection.
B. directional selection, artificial selection, and normalizing selection. C. disruptive selection, stabilizing selection, and normalizing selection. D. disruptive selection, stabilizing selection, and artificial selection.
E. directional selection, disruptive selection, and stabilizing selection.
A. More individuals of a population are born than survive to reproduce.
B. Populations grow constantly.
C. Organisms are varied and some variations are inherited.
D. An individual’s chance of survival is random. E. Species do not appear to change over time.
B. Populations grow constantly.
C. An individual’s chance of survival is random.
D. Species do not change over time.
E. More individuals of a population are born than survive to reproduce.
A. existing beneficial mutations
B. existing neutral mutations
C. the ability to produce beneficial mutations D. the ability to adapt their genotype
E. the correct allele frequency
A. occurs when large groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.
B. occurs when small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.
C. occurs when many members of a population die, resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity.
D. occurs when many members of a population reproduce causing too much genetic diversity within the population.
E. does not occur in nature.
A. occurs when many members of a population die, resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity.
B. occurs when many members of a population reproduce, causing too much genetic diversity within the population.
C. occurs when small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.
D. occurs when large groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.
E. does not occur in nature.
A. directional selection.
B. stabilizing selection.
C. disruptive selection.
D. artificial selection.
E. uniformitarianism.
A. directional selection.
B. disruptive selection.
C. stabilizing selection.
D. artificial selection.
E. uniformitarianism.
A. artificial selection
B. evolution
C. genetic drift
D. natural selection
E. sexual selection
A. individuals compete with one another for limited resources and only the fittest survive.
B. individuals compete with one another for limited resources and only the fittest reproduce.
C. population growth is unlimited, leading to the large numbers of organisms.
D. an individual’s chance of survival and reproduction are mostly due to chance and changes in the environment.
E. species do not change over time.
A. The feathers require a lot of energy to produce.
B. Bright feathers make males less susceptible to predation.
C. The feathers make the male more attractive to other males.
D. There are no disadvantages to having large tail feathers.
E. The large tail feathers would make it easier to fly.
A. colored plumage.
B. intelligence.
C. antlers.
D. body size.
E. None of the answers are correct.
A. adaptations
B. adjustments an individual makes during its lifetime
C. heritable traits that lead to an advantage over others
D. beneficial variations in some individuals of a population
E. All answers are correct.
A. is germination.
B. is extinction.
C. occurred only once in Earth’s history.
D. is speciation.
E. occurred for millions of years but is no longer occurring.
A. has never occurred.
B. is speciation.
C. is extinction.
D. is occurring today at a faster rate than ever before.
E. All answers are correct.
A. speciation.
B. extinction.
C. macroevolution.
D. alternation of generations.
E. hybridization.
B. prezygotic and sexual.
C. postzygotic and geographic.
D. sexual and postzygotic.
E. prezygotic and postzygotic.
A. having an abnormal number of two or more individual chromosomes.
B. having only one set of chromosomes.
C. having three or more chromosomes.
D. having an abnormal number of one particular chromosome.
E. having three or more sets of chromosomes.
A. temporal isolation.
B. gradualism.
C. punctuated equilibrium.
D. hybrid breakdown.
E. mechanical isolation.
A. temporal isolation.
B. mechanical isolation.
C. gradualism.
D. punctuated equilibrium.
E. hybrid breakdown.
A. elephants reproduce much more slowly than mice.
B. elephants require larger habitats than mice.
C. elephants eat more than mice.
D. elephants live longer than mice.
E. elephants have a more selective diet than mice.
A. collision between Earth and a large celestial body and human intervention.
B. global warming and human intervention.
C. human intervention and shifting of Earth’s continents.
D. global warming and shifting of Earth’s continents.
E. collision between Earth and a large celestial body and shifting of Earth’s continents.
A. is the study of evolutionary relationships among species.
B. is the science of describing, naming, and classifying species. C. are inherited attributes.
D. are features only found in living species.
E. are species unrelated and used for comparison.
B. Bacteria cannot reproduce.
C. Bacteria are present everywhere and cannot be reproductively isolated from other bacteria.
D. Bacteria are asexual.
E. Bacteria do not evolve.
A. sympatric speciation.
B. allopatric speciation.
C. hybrid inviability.
D. hybrid infertility.
E. hybrid breakdown.
A. All answers are correct.
B. prezygotic reproductive barriers
C. postzygotic reproductive barriers
D. compiled microevolution events
E. large amount of genetic divergence
A. in sexually-reproducing organisms.
B. in asexually-reproducing organisms.
C. typically over long periods of time.
D. All answers are correct.
E. allopatrically and sympatrically.
A. domain
B. phylum
C. kingdom
D. genus E. species
A. Prokaryotes have a nucleus.
B. Prokaryotes are single-celled.
C. Prokaryotes do not have a chromosome.
D. Prokaryotes have membrane-bounded organelles.
E. Prokaryotes do not have ribosomes.
A. Archaea.
B. Bacteria.
C. both Archaea and Bacteria.
D. Eukarya.
E. both Bacteria and Eukarya.
B. nucleus.
C. cell wall.
D. nucleoid.
E. ribosome.
A. ribosome.
B. endospore.
C. nucleus.
D. nucleoid.
B. flagellum.
C. ribosome.
D. cell wall.
E. cytoplasm.
A. spirillum, endospore, and peptidoglycan.
B. bacillus, spirillum, and coccus.
C. cubical, spiral, and thread-like.
D. spirillum, nucleiod, and peptidoglycan.
E. cubical, spherical, and rod-shaped.
A. a nucleus
B. RNA
C. DNA
D. a cell membrane
E. a cell wall
A. heterotrophic
B. autotrophic
C. chemotrophic
D. obligate anaerobes
E. aerobic
A. amoeba
B. slime molds
C. algae
D. protozoa
E. radiolarians
A. decomposers.
B. autotrophs.
C. primary consumers.
D. secondary consumers.
E. photosynthesizers.
A. pili.
B. mycorrhizae.
C. lichens.
D. root forks.
E. endophytes.
A. a fungus and a plant
B. a plant and a cyanobacterium
C. a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium
D. an alga and a bacterium
E. an alga and a plant
A. They cannot absorb toxins.
B. If the air is polluted they cannot get enough sunlight for photosynthesis.
C. They cannot excrete absorbed toxins.
D. If the soil is polluted they cannot produce roots.
E. Toxins inhibit their reproduction.
A. mitochondria
B. chloroplasts
C. cell walls
D. nuclei
E. cytoplasm
A. mostly multicellular eukaryotes that obtain food by external digestion. B. entirely multicellular eukaryotes that obtain food by ingestion.
C. mostly multicellular eukaryotes that obtain food by photosynthesis. D. mostly unicellular eukaryotes that obtain food by photosynthesis.
E. eukaryotic organisms that are not plants, fungi, nor animals.
A. the mass extinction of dinosaurs.
B. the origination of all major phyla of animals.
C. the development of the first true cell.
D. the origination of life.
E. the creation of Earth.
A. does not have a backbone.
B. has a backbone.
C. has a complete digestive tract.
D. has an incomplete digestive tract. E. does not have true tissues.
A. has a complete digestive tract.
B. does not have a backbone.
C. has a backbone.
D. has an incomplete digestive tract. E. does not have true tissues.
B. They are multi-cellular prokaryotes.
C. They are multi-cellular eukaryotes.
D. They are single-celled prokaryotes.
A. pachyderm.
B. endoderm.
C. mesoderm.
D. protoderm.
E. ectoderm.
A. pachyderm.
B. ectoderm.
C. mesoderm.
D. endoderm.
E. protoderm.
A. pachyderm.
B. ectoderm.
C. mesoderm.
D. endoderm.
E. protoderm.
A. longitudinal symmetry.
B. mirrored symmetry.
C. bilateral symmetry.
D. radial symmetry.
E. asymmetry.
B. bilateral symmetry.
C. longitudinal symmetry.
D. mirrored symmetry.
E. asymmetry.
A. a closed circulatory system.
B. a gastrovascular cavity.
C. an open circulatory system.
D. an incomplete circulatory system. E. a complete circulatory system.
B. a gastrovascular cavity.
C. an incomplete circulatory system.
D. a complete circulatory system.
E. an open circulatory system.
A. thermophile.
B. mesophile.
C. amniote.
D. endotherm.
E. ectotherm.
A. endotherm.
B. ectotherm.
C. thermophile.
D. mesophile.
E. amniote.
A. hair
B. mammary glands
C. an amnion
D. legs
E. lungs
A. All answers are correct.
B. provide food sources
C. pollinate plants
D. break down organic matter
E. play role as predators
In natural selection, environmental factors cause the differential reproductive success of individuals with particular genotypes.
Founder effect – reduction in genetic diversity that occurs when small number of individuals establish a new, isolated population.
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Genetic bottleneck – reduction in genetic diversity that occurs if a disaster drastically reduces the size of a population.
=
unequal reproductive success
• Occur before formation of a zygote (fertilized egg in which the two haploid nuclei have merged into a single diploid nucleus).
– Postzygotic Barriers Prevent Development of a Fertile Offspring
• Hybrid offspring (offspring of two different species) fail to survive to maturity or cannot reproduce.
(congo river lab)
Sympatric Speciation Occurs in a Shared Habitat
• May occur due to differences in habitat within a small geographic area.
– Differences in soil type, temperature, water speed, salinity, etc.
equilibrium- brief bursts of rapid evolution between long periods of little/no change.
heterotroph, phototroph, chemotroph
• Plants and algae.
• Heterotrophs – obtain carbon by consuming organic molecules produced by other organisms.
• Methods for acquiring energy:
• Phototrophs – derive energy from the sun.
• Chemotrophs – derive energy from oxidizing (taking electrons from) organic or inorganic substances.
ex- algae,Dinoflagellates protozoa
• More closely related to animals than plants.
• Cannot perform photosynthesis.
• Share many chemical and metabolic features with animals.
Flexibility – internal organs push into the coelom; the fluid of the coelom cushions the organs, protects them, and enables them to shift as the animal moves.
Complete digestive tract – food passes in one direction from mouth to anus

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